Uses of metallurgical silicon
Release time:
2010-12-08 11:55
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① High-purity single-crystal silicon is an important semiconductor material.
By doping single-crystal silicon with trace amounts of Group IIIA elements, a p-type silicon semiconductor is formed. When trace amounts of Group VA elements are added, n-type and p-type semiconductors are combined to create a solar cell that can convert radiant energy into electrical energy. This material holds great promise for the development of energy sources.
② Metal ceramics—a key material for aerospace applications
By sintering a mixture of ceramics and metals, we can produce metal-ceramic composite materials that are both highly resistant to high temperatures and remarkably tough—yet still capable of being cut. These materials inherit the respective advantages of both metals and ceramics while simultaneously overcoming their inherent shortcomings. Such composites find applications in the manufacture of military weapons. The first space shuttle, the “Columbia,” was able to withstand the intense heat generated by friction as it sped through the dense atmosphere, thanks entirely to its outer shell composed of 31,000 silicon tiles.
③ Fiber-optic communication—the latest modern means of communication
Highly transparent glass fibers are drawn from pure silica. Inside these glass fibers, laser beams undergo countless total internal reflections as they propagate forward, replacing bulky cables. Fiber-optic communication boasts a remarkably high capacity—glass fibers as thin as a human hair can simultaneously transmit 256 telephone channels. Moreover, fiber optics are immune to electrical and magnetic interference, impervious to eavesdropping, and offer unparalleled confidentiality. Fiber-optic communication is poised to bring about a revolutionary transformation in human life in the 21st century.
④ Silicon-organic compounds with excellent performance
For example, silicone plastics are excellent waterproof coating materials. By spraying silicone onto the walls of subway tunnels, we can permanently and effectively solve the problem of water seepage. Applying a thin layer of silicone plastic to the surfaces of ancient artifacts and sculptures can prevent the growth of moss and protect them from wind, rain, and weathering. The Monument to the People's Heroes in Tiananmen Square has been treated with silicone plastic on its surface, ensuring that it remains perpetually white and pristine.
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